《植物生理学报》 2010, 46(3): 223-227

玻璃化与正常苹果试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构比较

葛红娟, 梁美霞, 戴洪义*

青岛农业大学园林园艺学院, 山东青岛266109

通信作者：戴洪义；E-mail: hydai@qau.edu.cn；Tel: 0532-86080008

摘　要：

以苹果品种 ‘ 鲁加5 号 ’ 试管苗为试材, 其用石蜡切片和电镜扫描观察方法, 比较玻璃化与正常试管苗叶片和茎的显 微结构的结果表明: 苹果玻璃化试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构与正常试管苗有显著差异, 前者的叶片厚度变大, 表皮细胞 密度极低; 表皮细胞体积膨大, 液泡化, 栅栏组织厚度减小, 海绵组织厚度增加; 气孔器的长轴变化不明显, 短轴变宽,气孔密 度极高; 茎的维管组织中有空洞和塌陷, 导管管壁多皱褶, 筛管中无淀粉粒积累。

关键词：苹果; 试管苗; 玻璃化; 电镜扫描; 石蜡切片

收稿：2009-11-06   修定：2010-02-24

资助：国家“ 十一五” 科技支撑计划(2008BAD92B01)、国家现代苹果产业技术体系项目和山东良种产业化工程项目。

Comparison of Micro-Structures of Leaves and Stems between Vitrified and Normal Apple (Malus pumila Mill.) Plantlets in vitro

GE Hong-Juan, LIANG Mei-Xia, DAI Hong-Yi*

College of Landscape and Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China

Corresponding author: DAI Hong-Yi; E-mail: hydai@qau.edu.cn; Tel: 0532-86080008

Abstract:

‘Lujia 5’ apple (Malus pumila) was used to compared the micro-structures of leaves and stems between the vitrified and normal apple plantlets in vitro by paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that there were significant differences in micro-structures of leaves and stems between the vitrified and normal apple plantlets in vitro. The leaves of the former was much thicker and the upper epidermis cells density was remarkably lower, and the size of upper epidermis cells became larger and vacuolated. And the thickness of the palisade parenchyma reduced, while the thickness of spongy parenchyma increased. And the major axis of stomatal apparatus didn’t change a lot, while the minor axis obviously became larger and the stoma density was significantly high. The vascular tissue in the stems appeared cavitary and collapsed, and there were many folds on the conduit wall, and there was no accumulation of starch grains in the sieve tube.

Key words: apple (Malus pumila); shoots grown in vitro; vitrification; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); paraffin section